18 August 2020: Clinical Research
Effects of a Secondary Prevention Combination Therapy with beta-Blocker and Statin on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Ling Zhu 12ABCDEFG , Qianwei Cui 1BCEF , Ying Liu 3BCEF , Zhongwei Liu 1BCE , Yong Zhang 1BCF , Fuqiang Liu 1ACDEFG* , Junkui Wang 1ACDEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.925114
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925114
Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study patients according to risk category of always beta-blocker and statin treatment.
| Total | No therapy | beta-Blocker monotherapy | Statin monotherapy | Cotherapy | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=636 | n=139 | n=71 | n=149 | n=277 | ||
| Age, year | 60.42±9.83 | 59.18±10.55 | 62.40±9.31 | 60.71±9.20 | 60.37±9.87 | .217 |
| Male, n (%) | 425 (66.8) | 96 (69.1) | 48 (67.6) | 102 (68.5) | 179 (64.6) | .772 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 69.56±10.16 | 70.51±9.33 | 69.72±9.98 | 70.28±10.00 | 67.63±10.83 | .008 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 129.98±17.37 | 129.37±17.96 | 132.72±16.68 | 128.22±17.28 | 130.53±17.27 | .192 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78.21±10.69 | 78.17±10.61 | 680.23±10.26 | 77.32±11.01 | 78.19±10.66 | .271 |
| BMI, kg/m | 26.08±3.35 | 26.29±3.23 | 625.68±3.52 | 25.78±3.12 | 26.25±3.50 | .294 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 331 (52.0) | 77 (55.4) | 37 (52.1) | 73 (49.0) | 144 (52.0) | .757 |
| Old MI, n (%) | 66 (10.4) | 14 (10.1) | 10 (14.1) | 9 (6.0) | 33 (11.9) | .189 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 165 (25.9) | 37 (26.6) | 20 (28.2) | 35 (23.5) | 73 (26.4) | .872 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 405 (63.7) | 71 (51.1) | 49 (69.0) | 91 (61.1) | 194 (70.0) | .001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 21 (3.3) | 4 (2.9) | 2 (2.8) | 4 (2.7) | 11 (4.0) | .874 |
| CRE, μmol/L | 79.77±19.14 | 79.54±18.29 | 81.38±19.21 | 81.23±19.54 | 78.68±19.36 | .545 |
| UA, μmol/L | 304.70±80.08 | 302.66±81.99 | 311.52±89.83 | 307.44±71.54 | 302.50±81.12 | .816 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.69±1.08 | 1.99±1.45 | 1.76±1.04 | 1.51±0.80 | 1.62±0.98 | .010 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.17±1.04 | 4.37±1.06 | 4.35±1.20 | 4.09±1.09 | 4.08±0.95 | .008 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.36±0.88 | 2.45±0.89 | 2.42±0.96 | 2.33±0.83 | 2.31±0.89 | .281 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.06±0.27 | 1.05±0.28 | 1.07±0.29 | 1.05±0.24 | 1.06±0.27 | .960 |
| LVEDD, mm | 48.02±4.59 | 48.78±5.10 | 47.96±4.96 | 47.74±4.06 | 47.80±4.48 | .282 |
| LVEF,% | 62.37±6.58 | 62.86±6.87 | 60.26±7.21 | 62.91±6.28 | 62.38±6.34 | .058 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 612 (96.2) | 131 (94.2) | 57 (80.3) | 149 (100.0) | 275 (99.3) | |
| Clopidogrel, n (%) | 453 (71.2) | 80 (57.6) | 34 (47.9) | 115 (77.2) | 224 (80.9) | |
| ACEI or ARB, n (%) | 356 (56.0) | 67 (48.2) | 42 (59.2) | 74 (49.7) | 173 (62.5) | .013 |
| Revascularization, n (%)* | 463 (72.8) | 88 (63.3) | 48 (67.6) | 114 (76.5) | 213 (76.9) | .014 |
| Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD; categorical variables are presented as numbers or percentages. ACEI – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI – body mass index; CRE – creatinine; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low density lipoprotein; LVEDD – left ventricle end-diastolic diameter; LVEF – left ventricle ejection fraction; MI – myocardial infarction; SBP – systolic blood pressure; TC – total cholesterol; TG – triglyceride; UA – uric acid. * Included percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting. | ||||||