Figure 8 (A, B) Change in hippocampal dendritic spines before administration of inhibitors or agonistsIn the DG region, the density of dendritic spines decreased significantly in the SD and Sevo groups. There was no noticeable change in the SD group in the basal dendrites of CA 1 pyramidal neurons. However, the density of dendritic spines decreased after inhalation of sevoflurane. This trend also existed in the apical dendritic spines of CA 1. There was no significant difference between the propofol group and the Control group. The SD group density of dendritic spines in the DG and CA 1 area in the SD+Sevo group decreased significantly, suggesting that sleep deprivation and inhalation anesthesia on cognitive function eventually changed synaptic plasticity, thus affecting long-term cognitive function. It is worth noting that the SD+Prop group showed a higher density of dendritic spines. The overall trend was better than that of the sleep deprivation group, which suggests that propofol anesthesia can significantly reverse the cognitive impairment caused by acute sleep deprivation.