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07 January 2020 : Case report  Japan

A Patient with Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism Refractory to Oral Eplerenone Who Responded to Esaxerenone with Increased Renin Activity

Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Unexpected drug reaction, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)

Keisuke Okamura12ABCDEFG*, Masatoshi Matsushima1BCD, Fumi Yamamoto3B, Yosuke Takamiya1E, Tetsu Okuda1CDE, Kazuyuki Shirai1DE, Katsusuke Okamura2B, Hidenori Urata1DE

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.920615

Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e920615

Abstract

BACKGROUND: When mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy is initiated for primary aldosteronism, the response of plasma renin activity indicates the level of cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this article was to compare the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers on plasma renin activity levels in a patient with primary aldosteronism.

CASE REPORT: The patient was a 45-year-old male with severe hypertension. Because his aldosterone/renin ratio was high and a saline infusion test was positive, primary aldosteronism was diagnosed. Computed tomography revealed a low-density mass measuring 10 mm in the left adrenal gland. Segmental adrenal vein sampling demonstrated bilateral primary aldosteronism, so pharmacotherapy was started. Before treatment, his plasma renin activity was 0.5 ng/mL/hour. Eplerenone was commenced and the dose was increased to 100 mg/day. However, his plasma renin activity was still 0.8 ng/mL/hour and the maximum dose of eplerenone did not elevate plasma renin activity above 1 ng/mL/hour. Since plasma renin activity remained below 1 ng/mL/hour with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy, this patient was considered to have a higher cardiovascular risk than patients with essential hypertension. Accordingly, eplerenone was switched to esaxerenone, a new generation mineralocorticoid receptor blocker that became available in May 2019. After switching to esaxerenone (5 mg/day), the patient’s plasma renin activity increased to 1.8 ng/mL/hour and subsequently remained at 1 ng/mL/hour or higher.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case report to present interesting changes of plasma renin activity in a primary aldosteronism patient after switching from eplerenone to esaxerenone. Elevation of plasma renin activity by esaxerenone in our primary aldosteronism patient reflected a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonistic effect that may have alleviated excessive mineralocorticoid receptor activation and volume expansion.

Keywords: Hyperaldosteronism, Hypertension, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Renin-Angiotensin System, eplerenone, Pyrroles, Renin, Sulfones

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923