07 June 2017 : Case report
Gastric Dilatation and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in a Child with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Management of emergency care, Rare disease, Congenital defects / diseases, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Clara Blat1ABCDEF, Elisenda Busquets2ABDEF, Teresa Gili3CDEF, Assumpta Caixàs4ABF, Elisabeth Gabau5ABF, Raquel Corripio1ABCDEFG*DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.903608
Am J Case Rep 2017; 18:637-640
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by initial muscular hypotonia and feeding difficulties, and later an insatiable appetite, hyperphagia and obesity along with mild to moderate intellectual impairment. Affected individuals’ food-seeking behavior and suspected delayed gastric emptying can lead to gastric dilatation with subsequent necrosis and perforation.
CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome at neonatal age due to muscular hypotonia, who started growth hormone therapy at 20 months. He presented with two episodes of a rapidly progressing gastric dilatation that led to abdominal hypertension and secondary shock at the age of 2 and 5. No large amount of food was eaten before any of the episodes, and he had abdominal pain and vomiting on both occasions. On arrival at the emergency room, a nasogastric tube was placed and aspiration of food material was performed. Abdominal X-ray and CT scan revealed massive gastric dilatation. He was admitted at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and after a variable period of fasting, tolerated oral intake and could be discharged.
CONCLUSIONS: Gastric dilatation due to gastroparesis in PWS is a rare complication. However, it is a life-threatening situation and physicians should therefore maintain a high level of suspicion for gastric dilatation when patients present with warning symptoms such as abdominal pain or discomfort and vomiting.
Keywords: Gastric Dilatation, Gastroparesis, intra-abdominal hypertension, Prader-Willi Syndrome
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