11 January 2022: Clinical Research
Association Between Hyperhomocysteinemia Combined with Metabolic Syndrome and Higher Prevalence of Stroke in Chinese Adults Who Have Elevated Blood Pressure
Feng Hu 12BCDEF , Shichao Yu 3BCD , Juan Li 4ABCD , Wei Zhou 25BDEF , Tao Wang 25BCDE , Xiao Huang 125AF , Huihui Bao 125AG* , Xiaoshu Cheng 125AG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.934100
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934100
Supplementary Table 2 Clinical characteristics of participants grouped by HHcy and MS.
| Characteristics | Control (n=3910) | Isolated HHcy (n=4215) | Isolated MS (n=3125) | HHcy and MS (n=2809) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.62±8.95 | 67.29±9.20 | 60.22±8.49 | 64.00±9.18 | |
| Male, n (%) | 1619 (41.41%) | 2837 (67.31%) | 886 (28.35%) | 1308 (46.56%) | |
| BMI (kg/m) | 22.56±3.23 | 21.99±3.74 | 25.66±3.24 | 25.25±3.18 | |
| Waistline (cm) | 79.88±8.55 | 79.58±8.40 | 89.44±8.37 | 89.56±9.12 | |
| WHR | 0.89±0.07 | 0.89±0.26 | 0.94±0.06 | 0.95±0.08 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 148.15±16.82 | 148.47±18.86 | 148.46±17.03 | 148.52±18.56 | 0.999 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 88.86±10.33 | 87.81±11.21 | 90.36±10.12 | 89.11±11.08 | |
| Heart rate (times/min) | 74.76±13.82 | 75.18±14.07 | 78.41±13.00 | 79.05±14.60 | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 2470 (63.17%) | 1740 (41.29%) | 2273 (72.76%) | 1660 (59.12%) | |
| Former smoker | 512 (13.09%) | 928 (22.02%) | 348 (11.14%) | 487 (17.34%) | |
| Current smoker | 928 (23.73%) | 1546 (36.69%) | 503 (16.10%) | 661 (23.54%) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 2549 (65.19%) | 2315 (54.95%) | 2340 (74.90%) | 1884 (67.09%) | |
| Former drinker | 460 (11.76%) | 751 (17.83%) | 317 (10.15%) | 385 (13.71%) | |
| Current drinker | 901 (23.04%) | 1147 (27.23%) | 467 (14.95%) | 539 (19.20%) | |
| tHcy (μmol/L) | 12.55 (11.35–13.69) | 19.33 (16.77–24.35) | 12.37 (11.20–13.56) | 18.75 (16.51–23.26) | |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.70±1.00 | 5.76±1.06 | 6.78±2.06 | 6.82±1.95 | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.06±0.98 | 5.06±1.02 | 5.22±1.20 | 5.37±1.30 | |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.18 (0.90–1.52) | 1.15 (0.89–1.47) | 2.17 (1.70–2.93) | 2.16 (1.71–2.97) | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.68±0.40 | 1.69±0.44 | 1.39±0.36 | 1.43±0.41 | |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.84±0.72 | 2.87±0.76 | 3.11±0.85 | 3.22±0.91 | |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 371.34±102.59 | 441.38±121.07 | 402.35±108.85 | 468.37±127.64 | |
| Serum creatinine (mmol/L) | 59.00 (49.00–70.00) | 76.00 (63.00–94.00) | 58.00 (49.00–69.00) | 75.00 (61.00–92.00) | |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.27±1.44 | 5.88±2.13 | 4.97±1.38 | 5.60±1.98 | |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 96.34±14.33 | 80.17±21.43 | 96.50±15.10 | 80.00±22.05 | |
| Total bilirubin (mmol/L) | 12.80 (9.90–16.40) | 13.70 (10.60–18.10) | 12.90 (9.80–16.80) | 13.80 (10.60–18.00) | |
| Direct bilirubin (mmol/L) | 5.00 (4.00–6.30) | 5.40 (4.30–7.00) | 4.80 (3.80–6.10) | 5.20 (4.10–6.60) | |
| AST (U/L) | 23.00 (20.00–28.00) | 25.00 (21.00–30.00) | 24.00 (20.00–30.00) | 25.00 (20.00–31.00) | |
| ALT (U/L) | 15.00 (12.00–21.00) | 15.00 (11.00–21.00) | 20.00 (14.00–28.00) | 19.00 (14.00–28.00) | |
| Cerebral stroke, n (%) | 175 (4.48%) | 315 (7.47%) | 192 (6.14%) | 278 (9.90%) | |
| Antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 2269 (58.03%) | 2783 (66.04%) | 2028 (64.92%) | 2000 (71.23%) | |
| Hypoglycemic agents, n (%) | 71 (1.82%) | 66 (1.57%) | 319 (10.21%) | 284 (10.11%) | |
| Lipid-lowering agents, n (%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 241 (7.71%) | 250 (8.90%) | |
| Antiplatelet agents, n (%) | 56 (1.43%) | 113 (2.68%) | 168 (5.38%) | 190 (6.76%) | |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 637 (16.29%) | 511 (12.12%) | 2205 (70.56%) | 1868 (66.50%) | |
| Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 651 (16.65%) | 849 (20.14%) | 1864 (59.65%) | 1862 (66.29%) | |
| T2DM, n (%) | 256 (6.55%) | 302 (7.16%) | 1013 (32.42%) | 998 (35.53%) | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 651 (16.65%) | 849 (20.14%) | 1864 (59.65%) | 1862 (66.29%) | |
| Elevated TG, n (%) | 548 (14.02%) | 532 (12.62%) | 2481 (79.39%) | 2274 (80.95%) | |
| Reduced HDL-C, n (%) | 175 (4.48%) | 171 (4.06%) | 1333 (42.66%) | 1041 (37.06%) | |
| HHcy – hyperhomocysteinemia; MS – metabolic syndrome; BMI – body mass index; WHR – waist-hip ratio; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; tHcy – total homocysteine; FBG – fasting blood glucose; TC – total cholesterol; TG – total triglyceride; HDL-C – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; T2DM – type 2 diabetes mellitus. | |||||