Epidemiology of Birth Defects in Eastern China and the Associated Risk Factors

17 January 2022: Clinical Research

Qiao-Qiao Wang ^1BEG** , Cha-Ying He ^2AC* , Jin Mei ^3ADF , Yi-Lin Xu ^4BC

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.933782

Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e933782

Table 4 Correlation between important demographic characteristics and birth defects (P<0.01).

Factors and birth defects	R	P
Mother’s age
Conjoined twins	0.086
Gravidity
Down’s syndrome	−0.045	0.003
Parity
Cleft spine	−0.071
Encephalocele	0.048	0.001
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia	−0.082
Cleft palate	−0.041	0.007
Umbilical bulge	−0.057
Cleft lip	−0.112
Gastroschisis	−0.049	0.001
Conjoined twins	−0.072
Small ears (or no ears)	0.053	0.001
Down syndrome	0.044	0.004
Esophageal atresia	0.059
Bladder exstrophy	−0.040	0.008
Family monthly income
Syndactyly	0.044	0.004
Down syndrome	−0.041	0.007
Esophageal atresia	−0.042	0.006
Hypospadias	0.054
Education level
Anencephaly	−0.043	0.005
Encephalocele	−0.050	0.001
Down syndrome	0.089
Esophageal atresia	−0.051	0.001
Sex (Male=1, Female=2)
Anencephaly	0.046	0.002
Cleft spine	0.048	0.001
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia	0.097
Umbilical bulge	0.095
Gastroschisis	0.068