03 October 2021: Lab/In Vitro Research
Assessment of Color Stainability of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Ceramic Materials After Hot and Cold Coffee Immersion at Different Time Intervals
Hafiz A. Adawi 1A , Mohammed M. Al Moaleem 1ABE , Nasser M. Al Ahmari 2AG , Mansoor Shariff 2AF , Mohammed A. Qahhar 3G* , Sultan M.H. Muharraq 4BD , Nabiel A. Alghazali 56CDEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.932745
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932745
Table 1 Materials and devices used in the study [8–10].
| Material/device type | Brand name | Composition | Manufacturers | Lot or model # | Shades |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAD/CAM Zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate glass ceramic | Vita Suprinity | Silicon dioxide (56–64%), lithium oxide (15–21%), zirconium oxide (8–12%), La O (0.1%) and pigments | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter, Bad Säckingen, Germany | 53990 | B2 |
| CAD/CAM Hybrid glass ceramic blocks | Vita Enamic | Polymer-infiltrated feldspathic ceramic network material with 86wt% ceramic, UDMA, TEGDMA 14% Methacrylate polymer by weight | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter, Bad Säckingen, Germany | 51960 | B2 |
| CAD/CAM Feldspathic ceramic blocks | Vitablocs Mark II | Fine-particle feldspar glass ceramic mill block 30%, constituted of silica SiO2 (55–78%), alumina Al2O3 ( | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter, Bad Säckingen, Germany | 42550 | B2 |
| Laboratory Analytical Balance | VEVOR Analytical Balance 100 g×0.1 mg, Pharmacy (100 g×0.1 mg) | Mettler Toledo Excellence XS 1110601 Model XS64 Analytical Balance, 61 g Capacity, 0.1 mg Readability. High Precision Electronic Analytical Balance, High Accuracy Balance with 80 mm Pallet, Digital Scientific Lab Scale, for Laboratory | (Schuler Scientific SLB-124, Italy | 6670-01-600-1345-XS64 | NA |
| Porcelain Adjustment Kit-HP | PN 0301B | For Finishing and Polishing Porcelain Restorations Assortment | SHOFU Dental ASIA-Pacific Pte. Ltd. Singapore | 801612 | NA |
| Instant Arabic Qahwa | Baja | Arabic coffee, Cardamom, Cloves, Nondaily Coffee Creamer, Saffron, used as Hot Coffee | Baja Food Industrial Co., Saudi Arabia | 628105 795290Product-Date 16/Jan/20120, Exp 16/10/2020 | Yellowish |
| Frappuccino Coffee Drink | Starbucks | Semi-skimmed-milk, Starbucks Arabica-coffee (water, coffee extract), sugar, natural coffee flavoring, acidity regulator (potassium carbonates), ↑ caffeine content 40mg/100 ml | Arla Foods AMBA dk/8260 Viby J. Denmark | 5711953024345Production-Date 16/10/2019 Expired on 16/5/2020 | Brownish |
| Spectrophotometer | Vita Easyshade V | Machine used to assess wavelength transferred from an object at a moment in time, with no being influenced by subjective interventions of color | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Säckingen, Germany | 10180 | NA |
| Scanning electron microscope | JEOL JSM-6610 LV Scanning electron microscope | Samples were gold sputter coated with Quorum® Q-150R, then loaded into sample stage using 20kv and magnification×250 | Akishima, Tokyo, Japan |