07 February 2021: Review Articles
A Review of the Current Practice of Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy in China
Lianzhong Wu 12AE* , Jin Lai 12B* , Yixin Ling 12C , Yiqin Weng 12B , Shujuan Zhou 1D , Siqi Wu 2D , Songfu Jiang 1D , Xiaokai Ding 3D , Xin Jin 4EFG* , Kang Yu 1EF* , Yi Chen 1EF*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.930097
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930097
Background
Research Progress in the Pathogenesis of IMN
Experimental Animal Models
Complement Activation and IMN
New Diagnostic Biomarkers
Genetic Background
Treatment of IMN
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors
Glucocorticoids
Cyclophosphamide
Calcineurin Inhibitors
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Rituximab Therapy
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Traditional Chinese Medicine
New Approaches and Remaining Clinical Challenges
Conclusions
References
Table 1 Recent advances and remaining challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in China.
| Current advances | Remaining challenges |
|---|---|
| Anti-PLAR detection is used widely | Genetic differences and disease susceptibility |
| THSD7A was identified as a second antigen to facilitate diagnosis | Environmental factors and disease susceptibility |
| EXT1/EXT2 proteins may represent biomarkers for MN associated with autoimmune disease | The physiological roles of PLAR and THSD7A |
| Progress related to the complement system | The mechanisms of podocyte injury induced by IgG4 anti-PLAR and anti-THSD7A |
| Rituximab therapy | Defining the pathogenicity of complement and CRPs |
| CRPs – complement and complement regulatory proteins; EXT1/EXT2 – exostosin1/exostosin2; MN – membranous nephropathy; PLAR – phospholipase A receptor; THSD7A – thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A. | |