17 May 2021: Clinical Research
Association of Oral Behaviors with Anxiety, Depression, and Jaw Function in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lili Xu 1ABCDE , Bin Cai 1BCD , Shuai Fan 1BCD , Shenji Lu 1BCD , Kerong Dai 2AD*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.929985
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929985
Table 1 Duration of symptoms, depression, anxiety, oral behaviors, jaw function, mouth opening, pain, and social status in male and female patients with temporomandibular disorders.
| Female n=451 | Male n=86 | Total n=537 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | 0.409 | |||
| Rural | 355 (78.7) | 63 (73.3) | 418 (77.8) | |
| Urban | 96 (21.3) | 23 (26.7) | 119 (22.2) | |
| Marriage status | 0.527 | |||
| Unmarried | 213 (47.2) | 49 (60.0) | 262 (51.8) | |
| Married | 225 (49.9) | 34 (39.5) | 259 (48.2) | |
| Divorced, Widowed | 13 (2.9) | 3 (3.5) | 16 (3.0) | |
| Ethnic group | 0.488 | |||
| Han nationality | 436 (96.7) | 84 (97.7) | 520 (96.8) | |
| Minority nationality | 15 (3.3) | 2 (2.3) | 17 (3.2) | |
| Education status | 0.269 | |||
| High school | 119 (26.4) | 22 (25.6) | 141 (26.3) | |
| College degree | 269 (59.6) | 52 (60.5) | 321 (59.8) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 63 (14.0) | 12 (13.9) | 75 (13.9) | |
| Duration of symptoms | 0.996 | |||
| 45 (9.9) | 11 (12.8) | 56 (10.4) | ||
| 1–3 months | 212 (47.0) | 40 (46.5) | 252 (47.0) | |
| 4–6 months | 89 (19.7) | 18 (20.9) | 107 (19.9) | |
| >6 months | 105 (23.3) | 17 (19.8) | 122 (22.7) | |
| Diagnose subgroup | ||||
| Masticatory muscle pain | 27 (6.0) | 4 (4.7) | 31 (5.8) | |
| Disc displacement | 387 (85.8) | 72 (83.7) | 459 (85.5) | |
| Arthralgia | 9 (2.0) | 4 (4.7) | 13 (2.4) | |
| Uncategorized | 28 (6.2) | 6 (6.9) | 34 (6.3) | |
| PHQ-9 | ||||
| ≥10 | 65 (14.4) | 13 (15.1) | 78 (14.5) | 0.826 |
| GAD-7 | ||||
| ≥10 | 47 (10.4) | 8 (9.3) | 55 (10.2) | 0.788 |
| OBC score | 0.012 | |||
| 0–16 | 125 (27.7) | 31 (36.4) | 156 (29.0) | |
| 17–24 | 121 (26.8) | 28 (32.6) | 149 (27.7) | |
| ≥25 | 205 (45.5) | 27 (31.4) | 232 (43.2) | |
| JFLS | 45.0±27.3 | 36.9±28.3 | 43.8±27.6 | 0.004 |
| MMO (mm) | 28.8±8.4 | 32.2±9.2 | 29.4±8.7 | 0.001 |
| Pain score | 3.0±2.3 | 2.2±2.2 | 2.9±2.3 | 0.023 |
| GAD-7 – Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; JFLS – Jaw Functional Limitation Scale; MMO – maximum mouth opening; OBC – Oral Behaviors Checklist; PHQ-9 – Patient Health Questionnaire-9; SD – standard deviation. | ||||