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03 February 2021: Clinical Research

U-Shaped Relationship Between Cardiovascular Mortality and Serum Uric Acid May Be Attributed to Stroke- and Heart-Specific Mortality, Respectively, Among Hypertensive Patients: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study

Hao You 1ABCE* , Kegong Chen 2BCE* , Pengfei Han 3C , ChaoFu Yue 4B , Xia Zhao 5ADEG*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.928937

Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928937

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with hypertension in NHANES 1999–2014 at baseline.

VariablesSerum uric acid, mg/dl
≤3.53.5–5.05.0–6.06.0–7.5>7.5
Age,year55.5 (0.93)56.8 (0.33)57.2 (0.33)56.4 (0.34)57.4 (0.52)
Male, %12.6326.0748.2662.669.67
Race/ethnicity, %
 Hispanic-Mexican65.7870.5873.1374.2572.00
 Other ethnicity13.812.3312.4712.6815.68
 Non-Hispanic White7.8986.9695.3434.523.563
 Non-Hispanic Black12.5210.129.0658.5548.756
Poverty to income ratio2.6 (0.10)2.8 (0.04)3.0 (0.05)3.0 (0.04)2.9 (0.06)
Alcohol intakes, g2.6 (0.34)3.5 (0.28)5.8 (1.07)6.6 (0.53)6.7 (0.43)
Smoking status, %
 Never smoking52.6952.4650.8746.7844.37
 Former smoker25.5127.0130.0334.3938.36
 Current smoker21.820.5419.118.8317.27
Physical activity, %
 Inactive49.8449.4949.5250.1354.03
 Moderate activity30.1231.5132.0431.9629.29
 Vigorous activity20.0419.0118.4417.9116.69
BMI, kg/m26.5 (0.33)28.8 (0.12)30.4 (0.14)31.6 (0.13)32.7 (0.24)
Waist circumference, cm91.6 (0.79)98.2 (0.31)103.7 (0.31)107.5 (0.29)110.5 (0.51)
Systolic BP, mmHg136.5 (1.50)136.6 (0.40)135.3 (0.38)134.4 (0.42)134.5 (0.57)
Diastolic BP, mmHg73.7 (0.83)73.5 (0.34)73.8 (0.30)74.4 (0.31)73.2 (0.59)
Triglycerides, mmol/L1.6 (0.12)1.7 (0.03)1.8 (0.03)2.1 (0.04)2.4 (0.07)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L5.2 (0.06)5.2 (0.02)5.2 (0.03)5.2 (0.02)5.3 (0.04)
HDL-C, mmol/L1.6 (0.02)1.5 (0.01)1.4 (0.01)1.3 (0.01)1.2 (0.01)
eGFR,mL/min per 1.73 m95.8 (1.18)90.9 (0.44)86.0 (0.51)82.7 (0.47)74.7 (0.70)
Cretinine,umol/L67.0 (1.26)73.1 (0.85)81.5 (0.83)88.3 (0.63)102.3 (0.99)
C-reactive protein, mg/dL0.4 (0.04)0.5 (0.02)0.5 (0.02)0.5 (0.02)0.7 (0.03)
CVD, %12.9514.1315.4417.9424.69
Diabetes, %16.8417.3316.3717.7521.74
Cancer, %12.7914.5613.813.6114.07
COPD, %14.2311.539.6719.399.344
Lowering lipid, %25.5826.2329.9229.7931.47
Antiplatelet agents, %2.8774.2014.1994.4726.534
Antihypertensive agents, %48.3655.0159.9962.6371.28
ACEI/ARBs, %28.4233.6538.0640.2545.77
Beta-blockers, %17.6418.3321.0023.5129.61
Calcium-channel blockers, %16.2316.0517.0217.2619.64
Diuretics, %12.0719.0524.8630.6247.22
Other antihypertensive drugs, %2.6494.0874.8566.47510.13
All variables are shown as the weighted mean±standard error or proportion (%). BMI – body mass index; BP – blood pressure; HDL-C – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEI – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARBs – angiotensin II receptor antagonist; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD – cardiovascular disease.

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750