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09 November 2020: Clinical Research

Weight Gain Before the Third Trimester and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study

Xiaoyi Zou 12ABCDEF , Ning Yang 3ACDG , Wei Cai 4B , Xiulong Niu 5B , Maoti Wei 6CD , Xin Zhang 4B , Xuejing Hou 7CD , Fang Kang 8B , Yuming Li 9AG*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.927409

Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927409

Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of pregnancies with and without HDP in different early-pregnancy BMI categories.

CharacteristicTotal (N=5295)Underweight (N=512)Normal weight (N=3231)
CGHDPPCGHDPPCGHDPP
SampleN=5010, 94.6%N=285, 5.4%N=500, 97.7%N=12, 2.3%N=3118, 96.5%N=113, 3.5%
Age, y30 (28, 33)31 (28, 34)0.07529 (27, 31)28 (27, 30)0.52430 (28, 33)29 (28, 34)0.915
Ethnicity (Han)4803 (95.9%)281 (98.6%)482 (96.4%)12 (100%)1.0002982 (95.6%)111 (98.2%)0.271
Primipara3438 (68.6%)218 (76.5%)404 (80.8%)10 (83.3%)1.0002151 (69.0%)96 (85.0%)
FH of hypertension911 (18.2%)84 (29.5%)81 (16.2%)1 (8.3%)0.737538 (17.3%)33 (29.2%)
BMI at enrolment, kg/m21.8 (19.9, 24.3)24.9 (21.7, 27.2)17.7 (17.1, 18.2)18 (17, 18.1)0.69721.1 (19.9, 22.3)21.6 (20.3, 22.9)
GW at enrolment, week11 (9, 12)11 (9, 12)0.85111 (10, 12)10 (10, 11)0.39911 (9, 12)10 (9, 11)0.078
GW at delivery, week39 (38, 40)38 (37, 39)39 (38, 40)39 (38, 40)0.42939 (38, 40)38 (37, 39)
Caesarean section2527 (50.4%)193 (67.7%)173 (34.6%)5 (41.7%)0.8401470 (47.1%)72 (63.7%)
Neonatal sex (Male)2658 (53.1%)149 (52.3%)0.799258 (51.6%)6 (50.5%)0.9131627 (52.2%)55 (48.7%)0.463
Neonatal height, cm50 (50, 51)50 (48, 50)50 (49, 50)50 (46, 51)0.67150 (50, 51)50 (48, 50)
Neonatal weight, g3360 (3084, 3650)3200 (2835, 3535)3220 (2980, 3450)3165 (2938, 3455)0.7633350 (3070, 3620)3130 (2715, 3500)
Neonatal score10 (9, 10)10 (9, 10)10 (9, 10)9 (9, 10)0.08010 (9, 10)9 (9, 10)
Education level, years
 ≤9885 (17.3%)44 (15.4%)0.47287 (20.5%)0 (0.0%)/472 (15.1%)18 (15.9%)0.751
 9 to 123595 (71.8%)214 (75.1%)364 (68.7%)11 (91.7%)2270 (72.8%)84 (74.3%)
 >12550 (11.0%)27 (9.5%)49 (10.8%)1 (8.3%)376 (12.1%)11 (9.7%)
GWG, kg
 16 weeks1.0 (0.25, 2.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.3)0.9911.5 (0.50, 2.5)1.3 (0.7, 3.6)0.9301.0 (0.5, 2.0)1.3 (0.5, 2.5)0.447
 20 weeks3.5 (2.3, 5.0)3.5 (2.0, 4.7)0.1474.0 (3.0, 5.5)3.9 (2.8, 6.5)0.9573.8 (2.5, 5.0)4.0 (2.5, 5.5)0.338
 24 weeks6.0 (4.5, 7.9)6.0 (4, 7.5)0.3817.0 (6.2, 9.4)7.5 (6.2, 9.4)0.2186.0 (4.6, 8.0)6.75 (5.0, 8.1)
 28 weeks8.5 (6.5, 10.5)8.0 (6.0, 10.5)0.5559 (7.0, 11.0)10.8 (9.4, 14.4)0.0458.9 (7.0, 10.5)9.1 (7.1, 11.3)
Z-score around 16 weeks−0.16 (−0.82, 0.45)−0.16 (−0.77, 0.63)0.124−0.14 (−0.82, 0.39)−0.30 (−0.71, 0.79)0.876−0.20 (−0.77, 0.36)−0.16 (−0.75, 0.63)0.257
9.6%11.0%0.20510.4%10.0%/9.4%11.9%0.092
 −1 to +1 SD81.8%77.6%78.1%70.0%81.4%73.3%
 >+1 SD8.6%11.4%11.5%20.0%9.2%14.9%
Z-score around 20 weeks0.13 (−0.58, 0.68)0.21 (−0.48, 0.71)0.3730.17 (−0.47, 0.64)0.22 (−0.48, 0.83)0.8780.08 (−0.58, 0.68)0.23 (−0.43, 0.88)0.088
10.9%8.6%0.46812.6%9.1%/10.8%8.4%
 −1 to +1 SD78.9%80.1%74.6%72.7%78.5%72.9%
 >+1 SD10.2%11.2%12.8%18.2%10.7%18.7%
Z-score around 24 weeks0.08 (−0.61, 0.69)0.23 (−0.52, 0.76)0.2230.05 (−0.60, 0.61)0.31 (0.01, 0.96)0.2370.04 (−0.62, 0.70)0.33 (−0.43, 0.81)0.061
12.7%9.4%0.19512.4%16.7%/14.0%11.9%0.087
 −1 to +1 SD75.1%79.5%71.4%58.3%72.3%67.0%
 >+1 SD12.2%11.2%16.1%25.0%13.7%21.1%
Z-score around 28 weeks0.10 (−0.53, 0.70)0.26 (−0.42, 0.84)0.09 (−0.63, 0.71)0.63 (0.18, 1.50)0.0380.13 (−0.43, 0.66)0.31 (−0.30, 0.99)
13.1%11.2%0.22214.8%8.3%/13.3%10.7%
 −1 to +1 SD73.6%72.3%69.5%50.0%73.7%67.0%
 >+1 SD13.2%16.5%15.8%41.7%12.9%22.3%
CG – control group; HDP – hypertensive disorder during pregnancy; Han ethnicity – the ethnic majority in china; FH – family history; BMI – body mass index; GW – gestational week; GWG – gestational weight gain; SD – standard deviation.

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750