13 November 2020: Database Analysis
Association of Thiamine Intake with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in American Women: A Secondary Data Analysis Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2016
Yue-xi Zhou 1BCE , Fang-fang Zhu 1BE , Chi Chen 2C , Ying-xuan Zhang 1D , Xiao-li Lv 1F , Jing-wei Li 1F , Song-ping Luo 3AG** , Jie Gao 3AG**DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924932
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924932
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Thiamine intake (log2 transform) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3828 | 3581 | 3385 | 2677 | |
| Age | 37.27±12.65 | 37.31±12.41 | 37.26±12.02 | 35.19±12.04 | |
| BMI | 29.31±7.67 | 29.09±7.60 | 29.13±7.66 | 28.99±8.01 | 0.407 |
| Frequency of drinking in the past 12 months | 3.27±12.89 | 3.17±7.94 | 3.40±11.84 | 3.14±9.83 | 0.847 |
| Number of sexual partners in the past year | 1.45±3.02 | 1.20±1.49 | 1.53±5.16 | 1.28±1.87 | 0.019 |
| Age of first sexual activity | 17.22±3.41 | 17.54±3.75 | 17.75±3.73 | 17.57±3.78 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Mexican American | 687 (17.95%) | 652 (18.21%) | 664 (19.62%) | 567 (21.18%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 346 (9.04%) | 328 (9.16%) | 327 (9.66%) | 205 (7.66%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1427 (37.28%) | 1494 (41.72%) | 1386 (40.95%) | 1114 (41.61%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1069 (27.93%) | 807 (22.54%) | 685 (20.24%) | 551 (20.58%) | |
| Other race/ethnicity | 299 (7.81%) | 300 (8.38%) | 323 (9.54%) | 240 (8.97%) | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than 9 grade | 289 (8.44%) | 224 (6.91%) | 194 (6.25%) | 174 (7.33%) | |
| Grades 9–11 | 519 (15.16%) | 458 (14.12%) | 385 (12.41%) | 312 (13.14%) | |
| High school graduation | 819 (23.93%) | 653 (20.13%) | 649 (20.92%) | 460 (19.38%) | |
| College | 1154 (33.71%) | 1128 (34.77%) | 991 (31.94%) | 782 (32.94%) | |
| More than college | 642 (18.76%) | 781 (24.08%) | 884 (28.49%) | 646 (27.21%) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married or living with partner | 1877 (51.58%) | 1966 (57.42%) | 1952 (60.02%) | 1520 (59.44%) | |
| Widowed, divorced or separated | 1762 (48.42%) | 1458 (42.58%) | 1300 (39.98%) | 1037 (40.56%) | |
| Smoking over 100 | |||||
| No | 2089 (59.72%) | 2131 (64.36%) | 2093 (66.07%) | 1587 (65.47%) | |
| Yes | 1409 (40.28%) | 1180 (35.64%) | 1075 (33.93%) | 837 (34.53%) | |
| Vaginal or anal intercourse times | |||||
| 0 | 33 (1.53%) | 25 (1.22%) | 15 (0.76%) | 19 (1.31%) | |
| 1–11 | 188 (8.74%) | 119 (5.83%) | 146 (7.38%) | 102 (7.02%) | |
| 12–51 | 544 (25.30%) | 462 (22.64%) | 445 (22.49%) | 314 (21.64%) | |
| 52–103 | 681 (31.67%) | 717 (35.13%) | 703 (35.52%) | 497 (34.25%) | |
| 104–364 | 418 (19.44%) | 418 (20.48%) | 429 (21.68%) | 297 (20.47%) | |
| ≥365 | 286 (13.30%) | 300 (14.70%) | 241 (12.18%) | 222 (15.30%) | |
| Used contraceptives | 0.003 | ||||
| No | 1097 (30.73%) | 921 (27.35%) | 867 (27.45%) | 747 (29.94%) | |
| Yes | 2473 (69.27%) | 2446 (72.65%) | 2292 (72.55%) | 1748 (70.06%) | |
| Used sex hormones | 0.022 | ||||
| No | 2782 (87.65%) | 2713 (89.18%) | 2551 (88.45%) | 1989 (90.25%) | |
| Yes | 392 (12.35%) | 6329 (10.82%) | 333 (11.55%) | 215 (9.75%) | |
| HPV infection | |||||
| No | 1936 (50.57%) | 2047 (57.16%) | 2034 (60.09%) | 1590 (59.39%) | |
| Yes | 1892 (49.43%) | 1534 (42.84%) | 1351 (39.91%) | 1087 (40.61%) | |
| Mean±SD for continuous variables: value was calculated by weighted linear regression model. % for Categorical variables: value was calculated by weighted chi-square test. | |||||