08 August 2020: Clinical Research
Protective Effect of Probiotics against Esophagogastric Variceal Rebleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis after Endoscopic Therapy
Qun Zhang 1CDE , Fangyuan Gao 1CD , Xue Yang 1D , Ying Hu 1D , Yao Liu 1CD , Yixin Hou 1D , Yuxin Li 1D , Bingbing Zhu 2B , Shuaishuai Niu 1BF , Yunyi Huang 3B , Xianbo Wang 1ADG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924040
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924040
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses with esophagogastric variceal rebleeding.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 1.002 (0.992–1.012) | 0.696 | ||
| Sex (Male Female) | 1.048 (0.835–1.316) | 0.683 | ||
| Etiology | 0.002 | |||
| HCV HBV | 1.400 (0.964–2.033) | 0.077 | 1.461 (1.003–2.129) | 0.048 |
| Alcohol HBV | 1.643 (1.248–2.163) | 1.395 (1.044–1.864) | 0.024 | |
| Alcohol+HBV HBV | 1.919 (1.332–2.764) | 1.844 (1.278–2.661) | 0.001 | |
| Other HBV | 1.385 (1.028–1.868) | 0.032 | 1.542 (1.137–2.092) | 0.005 |
| Comorbidity index | 1.217 (1.044–1.420) | 0.012 | ||
| Hepatic encephalopathy (yes no) | 1.240 (0.924–1.664) | 0.152 | ||
| Bacterial infection (yes no) | 1.207 (0.978–1.489) | 0.080 | ||
| Previous variceal bleeding (yes no) | 1.038 (0.836–1.288) | 0.737 | ||
| Child-Pugh class | 1.320 (1.108–1.572) | 0.002 | ||
| MELD score | 1.066 (1.037–1.095) | |||
| ALT (U/L) | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.001 | ||
| AST (U/L) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.008 | ||
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 1.004 (1.002–1.006) | 1.003 (1.001–1.006) | 0.007 | |
| GGT (U/L) | 1.001 (1.001–1.002) | 0.002 | ||
| ALB (g/L) | 0.989 (0.971–1.007) | 0.241 | ||
| CREA (μmol/L) | 1.004 (1.000–1.007) | 0.039 | ||
| GLU (mmol/L) | 1.031 (1.013–1.050) | 0.001 | 1.032 (1.013–1.050) | 0.001 |
| WBC (×10/L) | 1.038 (1.016–1.060) | |||
| NLR | 1.016 (1.000–1.033) | 0.053 | ||
| HGB (g/L) | 0.999 (0.994–1.003) | 0.559 | ||
| PLT (×10/L) | 1.000 (0.997–1.003) | 0.786 | ||
| INR | 2.122 (1.480–3.043) | 1.697 (1.167–2.469) | 0.006 | |
| Secondary prophylaxis (yes no) | 0.490 (0.340–0.704) | 0.554 (0.381–0.807) | 0.002 | |
| Probiotics therapy (≥28cDDD | 0.713 (0.564–0.902) | 0.005 | 0.623 (0.488–0.795) | |
| HR – hazard ratio; CI – confidence interval; HBV – hepatitis B virus; HCV – hepatitis C virus; MELD – model for end-stage liver disease; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL – total bilirubin; GGT-γ – glutamyl transferase; ALB – albumin; CREA – creatinine; GLU – glucose; WBC – white blood cell; NLR – neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; HGB – hemoglobin; PLT – platelet; INR – international normalized ratio. | ||||