26 June 2020: Clinical Research
A Prospective Study Comparing Adolescent and Post-Adolescent Periods Regarding Effects of Activator Appliance in Patients with Class II Mandibular Retrognathia by Using 3dMDface Analysis and Cephalometry
Esra Yüksel Coşkun 1BEF* , Elçin Esenlik 2ACDGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.921401
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921401
Table 4 Pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) cephalometric mean values and comparisons between the groups.
| Cephalometric measurements | Adolescent group | Post-adolescent group | Difference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0χ̄±Sχ̄ | T1χ̄±Sχ̄ | T1-T0p | T0χ̄±Sχ̄ | T1χ̄±Sχ̄ | T1-T0p | p | ||
| Maxillary measurements | SNA (°) | 79.47±0.64 | 78.91±0.70 | * | 81.26±0.49 | 80.93±0.50 | * | NS |
| Co-A (mm) | 77.75±1.56 | 77.75±1.48 | NS | 79.11± 0.80 | 79.28±0.81 | NS | NS | |
| (FH⊥N)-A (mm) | −0.66±0.25 | −0.80±0.36 | NS | −0.54±0.13 | −0.41±0.22 | NS | NS | |
| A-VRL (mm) | 56.46±1.06 | 57.06±1.10 | * | 57.37±1.74 | 57.89±1.77 | * | NS | |
| Mandibular measurements | SNB (°) | 73.69±0.58 | 76.59±0.67 | * | 75.54±0.61 | 78.22±0.58 | * | NS |
| Pg – NB (mm) | 2.71±0.33 | 1.97±0.28 | * | 2.63±0.30 | 2.14±0.30 | * | NS | |
| Co-Go (mm) | 47.64±1.23 | 49.78±0.96 | * | 51.05±1.01 | 52.83±1.23 | * | NS | |
| Co-Gn (mm) | 98,24±1,81 | 101,21±1,84 | * | 101,97±1,22 | 104,65±1,06 | * | NS | |
| (FH⊥Na)-Pg (mm) | −8.51±0.69 | −5.95±0.61 | * | −9.02±0.83 | −6.90±0.69 | * | NS | |
| Pg-VRL (mm) | 46.15±1.49 | 49.16±1.53 | * | 47.59±2.58 | 50.69±2.64 | * | NS | |
| Gonial Angle (°) | 121.92±1.45 | 125.90±1.11 | * | 120.15±1.38 | 122.01±1.45 | * | # | |
| Upper Gonial Angle (°) | 50.59±0.77 | 51.93±0.71 | NS | 49.08±0.64 | 49.79±0.65 | NS | NS | |
| Lower Gonial Angle (°) | 71.33±1.13 | 73.97±0.89 | * | 71.07±1.26 | 72.22±1.28 | * | # | |
| Dental measurements | Overjet (mm) | 6.91±0.43 | 2.34±0.39 | * | 6.28±0.34 | 2.15±0.27 | * | NS |
| Overbite (mm) | 4.23±0.46 | 1.73±0.39 | * | 4.33±0.27 | 1.71±0.37 | * | NS | |
| U1 – NA (mm) | 3.77±0.62 | 3.82±0.42 | NS | 3.82±0.42 | 4.54±0.57 | NS | NS | |
| U1 – NA (°) | 22.33±1.98 | 23.46±1.82 | NS | 18.89±1.38 | 20.91±1.30 | NS | NS | |
| L1 – NB (mm) | 3.45±0.63 | 4.76±0.65 | * | 4.46±0.44 | 5.53±0.44 | * | NS | |
| L1 – NB (°) | 22.29±1.98 | 25.95±1.71 | * | 24.40±1.20 | 28.50±1.31 | * | NS | |
| IMPA (°) | 96.02±1.61 | 98.85±1.70 | * | 97.79±1.65 | 101.33±1.70 | * | NS | |
| U1-VRL (mm) | 56,45±0,98 | 56,31±0,94 | NS | 59,60±2,25 | 59,64±2,30 | NS | NS | |
| L1-VRL (mm) | 50,18±1,09 | 53,34±1,02 | * | 53,87±2,29 | 57,63±2,33 | * | NS | |
| Facial height measurements | Anterior Facial Height (AFH) (mm) | 102.86±1.37 | 108.35±1.14 | * | 107.04±1.47 | 111.72±1.55 | * | NS |
| Posterior Facial Height (PFH) (mm) | 68.69±1.56 | 73.09±1.47 | * | 73.92±1.14 | 77.23±1.05 | * | NS | |
| Lower Anterior Facial Height (LAFH) (mm) | 60.09±1.33 | 64.30±1.27 | * | 60.92±1.36 | 64.13±1.32 | * | NS | |
| Jarabak ratio (%) | 66.74±1.08 | 67.46±1.18 | NS | 68.75±1.36 | 69.39±1.25 | NS | NS | |
| Angular measurement | SN–GoGn (°) | 29.45 ±0.98 | 30.93±0.94 | * | 28.99±1.14 | 30.54±1.32 | * | NS |
| Maxillary mandibular measurements | ANB (°) | 5.78 ± 0.25 | 2.31±0.28 | * | 5.72±0.15 | 2.71±0.31 | * | NS |
| Witts (mm) | 4.25± 0.42 | 0.16±0.53 | * | 2.98±0.50 | −0.16 ±0.68 | * | NS | |
| Soft Tissue Measurements | Upper Lip – S Line (mm) (UL-S) | 1.11±0.49 | 0.35±0.48 | NS | −0.55±0.51 | −0.61±0.41 | NS | NS |
| Lower Lip – S Line (mm) (LL-S) | 1.14±0.30 | 1.99±0.41 | * | −0.56±0.49 | 0.72±0.49 | * | NS | |
| Nasolabial Angle (°) | 110.52±2.53 | 111.19±2.34 | NS | 111.29±1.89 | 111.96±2.07 | NS | NS | |
| Mentocervical Angle (°) | 102.97±1.73 | 97.93±2.12 | * | 102.46±1.54 | 99.71±1.59 | * | # | |
| Labiomental Angle (°) | 115.60±3.78 | 126.93±3.15 | * | 118.59±1.21 | 129.53±1.72 | * | NS | |
| Labiomental Sulcus (mm) | −3.63±0.32 | −2.35±0.20 | * | −4.15±0.44 | −3.04±0.35 | * | NS | |
| Soft Tissue Convexity Angle (°) | 160.56±0.59 | 163.01±0.89 | * | 160.18±0.95 | 162.47±1.31 | * | NS | |
| Total Facial Convexity Angle (°) | 130.28±1.05 | 132.59±0.95 | * | 128.02±0.62 | 130.84±0.70 | * | NS | |
| χ̄ – mean value; S – standard error; # Adolescent difference > Post-adolescent difference; NS – non-significant; * p | ||||||||