26 June 2020: Clinical Research
A Prospective Study Comparing Adolescent and Post-Adolescent Periods Regarding Effects of Activator Appliance in Patients with Class II Mandibular Retrognathia by Using 3dMDface Analysis and Cephalometry
Esra Yüksel Coşkun 1BEF* , Elçin Esenlik 2ACDGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.921401
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921401
Table 2 Definitions of lateral cephalometric radiographic parameters [43–47].
| Lateral cephalometric radiographic measurements | Definition |
|---|---|
| SNA (°) | It is the angle between the sella, nasion and A points |
| Co-A (mm) | The distance between condylion and A points |
| (FH⊥N)-A (mm) | The distance from point A to line nasion perpendicular to Frankfort horizontal plane |
| A-VRL (mm) | The distance between vertical reference line and A point |
| SNB (°) | It is the angle between the sella, nasion and B points |
| Pg-NB (mm) | It is the perpendicular distance between pogonion and the plane passing through the point of nasion and B |
| Co-Go (mm) | The distance between condylion and gonion points |
| Co-Gn (mm) | The distance between condylion and gnathion points |
| (FH⊥Na)-Pg (mm) | The distance from point pogonion to line nasion perpendicular to Frankfort horizontal plane |
| Pg-VRL (mm) | The distance between vertical reference line and pogonion point |
| Gonial Angle (°) | It is the angle between the articulare, gonion and menton points |
| Upper Gonial Angle (°) | It is the angle between the articulare, gonion and nasion points |
| Lower Gonial Angle (°) | It is the angle between the nasion, gonion and menton points |
| Overjet (mm) | The distance between the incisal ridges of the upper incisor teeth labially and the incisal ridges of the lower incisor teeth |
| Overbite (mm) | Vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors |
| U1-NA (mm) | It is the perpendicular distance between the incisor edge of the upper central incisor and the plane passing through the point of nasion and A |
| U1-NA (°) | It is the angle between the upper central incisor axis and the plane passing through the point of nasion and A |
| L1-NB (mm) | It is the perpendicular distance between the incisor edge of the lower central incisor and the plane passing through the point of nasion and B |
| L1-NB (°) | It is the angle between the lower central incisor axis and the plane passing through the point of nasion and B |
| IMPA (°) | It is the angle formed between gonion-menton plane and the lower incisor axis |
| U1-VRL (mm) | The distance between vertical reference line and the incisor edge of the upper central incisor |
| L1-VRL (mm) | The distance between vertical reference line and the incisor edge of the lower central incisor |
| Anterior Facial Height (AFH) (mm) | The distance from nasion and menton points |
| Posterior Facial Height (PFH) (mm) | The distance from sella and gonion points |
| Lower Anterior Facial Height (LAFH) (mm) | The distance from anterior nasal spine and menton points |
| Jarabak ratio (%) | Ratio to anterior facial height of posterior facial height |
| SN-GoGn (°) | It is the angle formed between sella-nasion and gonion-gnathion planes |
| ANB (°) | It is the angle between the A, nasion and B points |
| Witts (mm) | It is distance between projection of A and B points on the occlusal plane |
| Upper Lip – S Line (mm) | Perpendicular distance from the upper lip point to Steiner’s S line |
| Lower Lip – S Line (mm) | Perpendicular distance from the lower lip point to Steiner’s S line |
| Nasolabial Angle (°) | It is the angle between the columella, subnasale and upper lip points |
| Mentocervical Angle (°) | Angle between line of glabella-pogonion and line of menton-cervical |
| Labiomental Angle (°) | It is the angle between the lower lip, sublabial and soft tissue pogonion points |
| Labiomental Sulcus (mm) | The distance from sublabial point to line of lower lip-soft tissue pogonion |
| Soft Tissue Convexity Angle (°) | Angle between line of glabella-subnasale and line of subnasale-soft tissue pogonion |
| Total Facial Convexity Angle (°) | Angle between line of glabella-pronasale and line of pronasale-soft tissue pogonion |