Protective Effects of Luteolin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Renal Injury in Mice

BACKGROUND: Sepsis can cause serious acute kidney injury in bacterium-infected patients, especially in intensive care patients. Luteolin, a bioactive flavonoid, has renal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of luteolin in attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal injury.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: ICR mice were treated with LPS (25 mg/kg) with or without luteolin pre-treatment (40 mg/kg for three days). The renal function, histological changes, degree of oxidative stress, and tubular apoptosis in these mice were examined. The effects of luteolin on LPS-induced expression of renal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), NF-κB, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated.
RESULTS: LPS resulted in rapid renal damage of mice, increased level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr), tubular necrosis, and increased oxidative stress, whereas luteolin pre-treatment could attenuate this renal damage and improve the renal functions significantly. Treatment with LPS increased TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-3, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 expression, while these disturbed expressions were reversed by luteolin pre-treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that luteolin ameliorates LPS-mediated nephrotoxicity via improving renal oxidant status, decreasing NF-κB activation and inflammatory and apoptosis factors, and then disturbing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.

Keywords: Apoptosis - drug effects, Animals, Acute Kidney Injury - prevention & control, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Caspase 3 - metabolism, Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism, DNA Fragmentation - drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism, Interleukin-1beta - metabolism, Kidney - physiopathology, Kidney Function Tests, Lipopolysaccharides, Luteolin - therapeutic use, Mice, Inbred ICR, NF-kappa B - metabolism, Oxidative Stress - drug effects, Protective Agents - therapeutic use, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha