01 April 2011
Access to biologic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries
Ewa OrlewskaABCDEFG, Ioan AncutaB, Branimir AnicB, Catalin CodrenauB, Nemanja DamjanovB, Predrag DjukicB, Ruxandra IonescuB, Lubomir MarinchevB, Evgeny L. NasonovB, Tonu PeetsB, Sonja PraprotnikB, Rasho RashkovB, Jana SkoupaB, Witold TlustochowiczB, Malgorzata TlustochowiczB, Matija TomsicB, Tiina VeldiB, Jelena VojinovicB, Piotr WilandBDOI: 10.12659/MSM.881697
Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(4): SR1-13
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess and compare patients’ access to biologic anti-RA drugs in selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and to analyze the determinants of differences between countries.
Material/Methods: This is a multi-country survey study, based on a combination of desk research and direct contact with national RA stakeholders. Data was collected using a pre-defined questionnaire. Affordability was measured using an affordability index, calculated comparing the index of health care expenditures to the price index, using Poland as an index of 1.
Results: The percentage of patients on biologic treatment in 2009 was highest in Hungary (5% RA patients on biologic treatment), followed by Slovenia (4.5%), Slovakia (3.5%), Czech Republic (2.92%), Romania (2.2%), Estonia (1.8%), and Croatia, Serbia, Poland (below 1.5%). Infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and rituximab were included in the reimbursement system in all countries, but abatacept and tocilizumab were included only in Slovakia. In Slovenia, public payer covered 75% of the price, and 25% is covered by supplementary health insurance; in Bulgaria public payer covered 50% of etanercept and adalimumab costs, and 75% of rituximab cost. In other countries, biologic drugs are reimbursed at 100%. Affordability index for biologic drugs was the lowest in Slovenia (0.4). In each country national guidelines define which patients are eligible for biologic treatment. Disease Activity Score (DAS28) of over 5.1 and failure of 2 or more disease-modifying anti-RA drugs, including methotrexate, are commonly used criteria.
Conclusions: The most important factors limiting access to biologic anti-RA treatment in the CEE region are macroeconomic conditions and restrictive treatment guidelines.
Keywords: Europe, Health Expenditures, Delivery of Health Care - economics, Costs and Cost Analysis, Biological Therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid - therapy, Antirheumatic Agents - therapeutic use, Health Planning Guidelines, Health Services Accessibility - economics
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