Fractal analysis of placenta mature villi in healthy, smoking and non-smoking women
Ewa Wielgus, Krzysztof Pawlicki, Aneta Kawa, Stanisław Włoch, Marcin KamińskiMed Sci Monit 2000; 6(2): BR271-277 :: ID: 508401
Abstract
Not all the objects created by nature can be described by means of the classical Euclidean geometry rules. New, quickly developing fractal theory can provide another instrument for describing irregular surfaces of e.g. geometric structures and objects whose development results from growth, differentiation and degeneration processes. In the present study we decided to perform fractal analysis of mature, terminal villi of placenta taken from smoking and non-smoking women, during the third trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to find another morphometric parameter, independent of subjective factors, which would provide new information about the studied structure. Placentas were taken from healthy women, untreated primiparas, who did not undergo any hormonal treatment, aged 18 to 27. The material was divided into: control group - placentas from non-smoking women, and two experimental groups - placentas from non-smoking up to 30 cigarettes daily and placentas from women smoking up to 30 cigarettes daily and placentas from women smoking over 30 cigarettes daily. Fractal dimension was determined by three methods: box counting, dilation and mass scaling method. Taking under consideration the results obtained in the present study it seems that fractal dimension, objectively and independently of many factors, allows to perform mathematical estimation of the parameter which is the terminal villi occurrence density within placenta. Among the applied fractal analysis methods, used for placenta terminal villi density grade estimation, the most useful seems to be the box counting method, whereas for estimating villi surface complication - the ratio - mass scaling method. Comparing obtained fractal dimension results, we have found that they increase together with the amount of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy.
key words:fractal analysis • placenta • morphometry • smoking
Keywords: Smoking, morphometry, Placenta, fractal analysis
Editorial
01 April 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: Forty Years of Waiting for Prevention and Cure of HIV Infection – Ongoing Challenges and Hopes for Vaccine Development and Overcoming Antiretroviral Drug ResistanceDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944600
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944600
In Press
08 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Foot Structure in Preschool Children Based on Body MassMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943765
15 Apr 2024 : Laboratory Research
The Role of Copper-Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization in Protecting Cartilage Matrix in OsteoarthritisMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943738
07 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Clinical Trials: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 179 Male Third- and Fourt...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943468
08 Mar 2024 : Animal Research
Modification of Experimental Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Rat Pups by Single Exposure to Hyp...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943443
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952