Figure 5 Chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation induction analysis. In A and B, DPSCs and iDPSCs were cultured in non-differentiation control medium (−) and chondrogenic differentiation medium (+) for 28 days. (A) The matrix mucopolysaccharides were stained positively by Alcian blue after induction (magnification, ×20; scale bar, 100 μm). (B) Type II collagen was detected by immunohistochemical staining on micromasses (magnification, ×20; scale bar, 100 μm). (C) Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction measurements for chondrogenic markers SOX9 and Col2a1, * P<0.05. (D) The adipogenic differentiation analysis. The DPSCs and iDPSCs were cultured in non-differentiated control medium (−) and adipogenic differentiation medium (+) for 28 days. The presence of adipocytes was assessed by detecting lipid drops. Lipid vacuoles were stained positively for Oil Red O. Scale bar, 100 μm. The bar graph represents the percentage of area positively stained for Oil Red O (mean±standard deviation) analyzed from 5 samples. * P<0.05. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction measurements for adipogenic markers PPARγ and LPL. * P<0.05. DPSCs – dental pulp stem cells; iDPSCs – inflammatory dental pulp stem cells. (Figure were created using Adobe Photoshop CS3, Adobe Systems Software Ireland, Ltd.).