Figure 1 Experimental designSprague-Dawley male rats (6–8 weeks old, weighing 200–250 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The adaptation time was 7 days. Acute sleep deprivation lasted for 24 h from day 7, and sevoflurane inhalation lasted for 2 h from day 8. Then, the Y maze learning stage was carried out, and the test stage started on the 9th day. On the 11th day after the end of the Y maze test, the MWM test was started. After all intervention and behavior experiments, rats were killed, and the bilateral hippocampus was removed.