Figure 3 Case 2. A 43-year-old man had cough and shortness of breath for 10 days. (A, B) Schematic diagrams of type II airway-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which showed the early stage of type II to type IIa. (C, G) Computed tomography (CT) scan images taken at admission. As shown in the images, there was thickening of the lobar and segmental bronchus, diffuse tree-in-bud sign at the distal end, which was consistent with type II airway-invasion Aspergillus. Images (D) and (H) are CT scan images on the same slice with (C) and (G) after 7 days, showing bronchiectasis, which was consistent with type IIa airway-invasive aspergillosis. Image (E) shows pathological Aspergillus hyphae and small round spores, the hyphae were branched and segmented (HE ×200); (F) (HE ×400).