Figure 2 Case 1. A 48-year-old woman had cough and shortness of breath for 1 month, with a past history of diabetes mellitus. (A, B) The coronal view of the mediastinum, indicating major thickening along the left main bronchus, partial stenosis of the lumen, and inflammation of the distal lung tissue, which is similar to the schematic diagram. (C, D) Thickening at the walls of the trachea and left main bronchus in the lung window. (E) Pathological Aspergillus hyphae and small round spores (HE ×400). (F) The trachea and left main bronchus were covered by pus-like exudates via bronchoscopy. (G, H) Thickening of the wall of the bronchus, the soft tissue shadow in the mediastinum (inflammatory infiltration or lymph node enlargement) and extraluminal air, indicating the formation of mediastinitis and bronchial fistula.