Figure 2 Schematic of the overt language tasks. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) stimulus events were presented for 6 seconds during MRI silence, followed by 6 seconds of fMRI acquisition. Overt responses during MRI silence were recorded. (A) The event-related verb generation task involved auditory presentation of a noun, and subjects were instructed to either think of verbs related to the noun (covert generation), say the verbs related to the noun out loud (overt generation), or repeat the noun out loud (overt repetition). (B) The event-related verbal paired associates task involved visual presentation of a pair of related words, and participants were instructed to say the second word in the pair out loud. During the “read” condition, the second word in the pair was provided. During the “generate” condition, only the first letter of the second word was provided followed by asterisks for each remaining letter of the word, and subjects had to generate the second word and say it out loud.