01 November 2005
Apoptosis in liver diseases - detection and therapeutic applications.
Saeid Ghavami, Saeid Ghavami, Mohammad Hashemi, Kamran Kadkhoda, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Graham H Bay, Marek LosMed Sci Monit 2005; 11(11): RA337-345 :: ID: 430372
Abstract
The liver is continuously exposed to a large antigenic load that includespathogens, toxins, tumor cells and dietary antigens. Amongst the hepatitis viruses, only hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis andhepatocellular carcinoma. Of the different antiviral defense systems employed by the tissue, apoptosissignificantly contributes to the prevention of viral replication, dissemination, and persistence. Lossof tolerance to the liver autoantigens may result in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This review outlinesthe recent findings that highlight the role and mechanisms of apoptotic processes in the course of liverdiseases. Among factors that contribute to liver pathology, we discuss the role of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha, HBx, ds-PKR, TRAIL, FasL, and IL-1alpha. Since TNF and FasL-induced hepatocyte apoptosisis implicated in a wide range of liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusionliver injury, and fulminant hepatic failure, these items will be discussed in greater detail in thisreview. We also highlight some recent discoveries that pave the way for the development of new therapeuticstrategies by protecting hepatocytes (for example by employing Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) or A1/Bfl-1, IAPs, orsynthetic caspase inhibitors), or by the induction of apoptosis in stellate cells. The assessment ofthe severity of liver disease, as well as monitoring of patients with chronic liver disease, remainsa major challenge in clinical hepatology practice. Therefore, a separate chapter is devoted to a novelcytochrome c - based method useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of fulminant hepatitis.
Keywords: Biological Markers - analysis, Autoimmune Diseases - metabolism, Cytochromes c - analysis, Liver Diseases - therapy, Tumor Necrosis Factors - physiology
Editorial
01 March 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: First Regulatory Approvals for CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutic Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and Transfusion-Dependent β-ThalassemiaDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944204
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944204
In Press
18 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Sexual Dysfunction in Women After Tibial Fracture: A Retrospective Comparative StudyMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944136
21 Feb 2024 : Clinical Research
Potential Value of HSP90α in Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast CancerMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943049
22 Feb 2024 : Review article
Differentiation of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Comprehensive Review of Imaging Techniques and Future ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943168
23 Feb 2024 : Clinical Research
A Study of 60 Patients with Low Back Pain to Compare Outcomes Following Magnetotherapy, Ultrasound, Laser, ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943732
Most Viewed Current Articles
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952