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01 October 2011

Hepatic effects of lung-protective pressure-controlled ventilation and a combination of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and extracorporeal lung assist in experimental lung injury

Markus KredelBCDEF, Ralf M. MuellenbachABDEF, Amélie JohannesDE, Joerg BrederlauADE, Norbert RoewerAG, Christian WunderABDE

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.881974

Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(10): BR275-281

Abstract

Background: Ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can lead to hepatic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic effects of strategies using high airway pressures either in pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) or in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) combined with an arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA).
Material/Methods: Pietrain pigs underwent induction of lung injury by saline lavage. Ventilation was continued for 24 hours either as PCV with tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg and PEEP 3 cmH2O above the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve or as HFOV (≥12 Hz) with a mean tracheal airway pressure 3 cmH2O above the lower inflection point combined with arteriovenous ECLA (HFOV+ECLA). Fluids and norepinephrine stabilized the circulation. The indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate, serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were determined repeatedly. Finally, liver neutrophils were counted and liver cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling (TUNEL).
Results: Aspartate aminotransferase increased in the PCV group about three-fold and in the HFOV+ECLA group five-fold (p<0.001). Correspondingly, creatine kinase increased about two-fold and four-fold, respectively (p<0.001). Lactate dehydrogenase was increased in the HFOV+ECLA group (p<0.028). The number of neutrophils infiltrating the liver tissue and the apoptotic index were low.
Conclusions: High airway pressure PCV and HFOV with ECLA in the treatment of lavage-induced lung injury in pigs did not cause liver dysfunction or damage. The detected elevation of enzymes might be of extrahepatic origin.

Keywords: Neutrophils, Liver - pathology, Lung Injury - therapy, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - blood, Interactive Ventilatory Support - methods, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, High-Frequency Ventilation - methods, Creatine Kinase - blood, Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood, Apoptosis - physiology, Positive-Pressure Respiration - methods, Sus scrofa

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750