01 March 2005 : Case report
Septic shock; current pathogenetic concepts from a clinical perspective
Adelais G Tsiotou, George H. Sakorafas, George Anagnostopoulos, John BramisMed Sci Monit 2005; 11(3): RA76-85 :: ID: 15400
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-induced syndrome characterized by a generalized infl ammatory state and represents a frequent complication in the surgical patient. The normal reaction to infection involves a series of complex immunologic processes. A potent, complex immunologic cascade ensures a prompt protective response to microbial invasion in humans. Although activation of the immune
system during microbial invasion is generally protective, septic shock develops in a number of patients as a consequence of excessive or poorly regulated immune response to the offending organism
(Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, viruses, or microbial toxins). This unbalanced reaction may harm the host through a maladaptive release of endogenously generated infl ammatory
compounds. Many mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of septic shock, including the release of cytokines, the activation of neutrophils, monocytes, and microvascular endothelial cells,
as well as the activation of neuroendocrine refl exes and plasma protein cascade systems, such as the complement system, the intrinsic (contact system) and extrinsic pathways of coagulation, and
the fi brinolytic system. In critically ill patients, the gastrointestinal tract plays a central role in the pathogenesis of septic shock. The potential for complementary and synergistic interaction of the
different components in this cascade highlights the diffi culty encountered in trying to identify a single means of altering the progression of sepsis and septic shock to multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome (MODS) and multiple organ failure (MOF).
Keywords: Blood Coagulation Disorders - physiopathology, Endotoxemia - physiopathology, Multiple Organ Failure - etiology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - physiopathology, Blood Coagulation Disorders - physiopathology, Complement Activation - physiology, Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology, Endotoxemia - physiopathology, Models, Biological, Multiple Organ Failure - etiology, Sepsis - physiopathology, Shock, Septic - physiopathology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - physiopathology
Editorial
01 April 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: Forty Years of Waiting for Prevention and Cure of HIV Infection – Ongoing Challenges and Hopes for Vaccine Development and Overcoming Antiretroviral Drug ResistanceDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944600
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944600
In Press
08 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Foot Structure in Preschool Children Based on Body MassMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943765
15 Apr 2024 : Laboratory Research
The Role of Copper-Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization in Protecting Cartilage Matrix in OsteoarthritisMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943738
07 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Clinical Trials: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 179 Male Third- and Fourt...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943468
08 Mar 2024 : Animal Research
Modification of Experimental Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Rat Pups by Single Exposure to Hyp...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943443
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952